What is 'Heavy-Light Decomposition'?

Approach: Describe partitioning tree edges into heavy and light paths.

A technique for partitioning the edges of a tree into paths (heavy paths and light edges) to efficiently perform path-based range queries and updates using Segment Trees.

Follow-up: How do you define a 'heavy' edge?

Key concepts: range queries, tree paths, O(log^2 n).